Explore French research
CNRS
Open website cnrs.frRecord and sourcesScience & research
Discover research, find a publication and explore data. Institutions, article repositories and bibliographic indexes serve different roles.
Everyday practical guides
Direct links by need
Find a document in a scientific repository
HAL
Open website hal.scienceRecord and sources
Explore space missions and resources
NASA
Open website nasa.govRecord and sourcesMatch the evidence to the question
A popular-science article, a research publication and a dataset offer different levels of detail. Choose the document according to what you need to establish.
| Question | Read | Still to establish |
|---|---|---|
| What does a study report? | Methods, study population and results in the full document | Whether findings extend beyond the people or situations studied |
| Are two values comparable? | Indicator definition, units and observation period | Differences in collection, coverage and methods |
| Has a finding changed? | Publication version and any correction notice | What was corrected and which conclusions are affected |
Finding a reference identifies a document; it does not by itself show that the document supports the statement attributed to it.
Read the direction of a publication relationship
Crossref relationships have a direction: described and linked objects play different roles. Read the relationship before replacing a reference.
- Identify the described object
- Read the relationship
- Compare the cited passage
| Situation | What changes | Useful check |
|---|---|---|
| isPreprintOf / hasPreprint | Links a preprint and associated publication in opposite directions. | Check which document was actually read. |
| isVersionOf / hasVersion | Declares a version relationship. | Compare tables and conclusions; the link does not mean identical text. |
| isReviewOf / hasReview | Links a review and its subject. | Read the review and its scope before concluding. |
A working DOI identifies a resource without awarding a quality label. A missing metadata relationship does not establish that works are unrelated. Retain the title, version and passage used.
Documentation : Crossref — Relationships ↗ · · Read the reference record →
Before you continue
Identify each document’s version and status; repository deposit does not establish peer review.
Within our AR network
These websites belong to our network. They appear separately from this topic’s external resources; inclusion does not verify their offers.
General-interest topics and everyday guides are available in four languages. Reference records and digital guides are provided in French and English. External website language depends on the destination.
Editorial selection updated on